Andy Dervan, our NAWCC colleague from Michigan, will present a historical overview of public timekeeping. Starting with the public sundials and clepsydras of antiquity, through 14th-century weight-driven turret clocks and later astronomical, clock jacks, and orreries, to the present. By 1860 the demand for public timekeeping grew as people moved from farms to cities and tower clocks were made in large numbers. Other forms of public timekeeping eventually evolved: street clocks, building clocks, and gallery clocks. Today, small electric street clocks are popular.